The water source in Dien Bien is very rich and plentiful with three major river systems passing through the province, which are the Da River, the Ma River and the Mekong River. Rivers in the province often have slopes with many waterfalls and rapids - especially rivers in the Da river system and Nam Rom river; therefore, there is potential for hydropower development. Water quality is relatively high and less polluted.

Song Da in Dien Bien has five main tributaries: Nam Ma, Nam Bum, Nam Po, Nam Phap and Nam Muoi. The total area of basins is about 5,300 km², accounting for 55% of the natural area of the province. The Da River flows through Muong Nhe, Muong Cha, Tua Chua, Tuan Giao districts and Muong Lay town.

As for Ma river, there are two main tributaries: Nam Hua river and Lu stream. The total area of basins is 2550 km² and it is the second largest river system of the province.

Mekong River system has a basin area of less than 1650 km² with the two main tributaries of Nam Rom river and Nam Nua river. Nam Rom river originates from Dien Bien district through Dien Bien Phu city to Pa Thom (Dien Bien district) and then flows to Laos. Nam Nua river originates from Muong Nha in the direction from south to north, then changes from east to west and meets the Nam Rom river in Dien Bien Phu and then flows to Laos.

The whole province has more than 10 lakes and more than 1000 large and small rivers, streams, which are distributed relatively evenly. t is noteworthy that there are Pa Khoang lake, Hua Pe hot spring and Uva hot spring. The province's groundwater resources are concentrated mainly in large valleys such as Dien Bien, Tuan Giao and Tua Chua districts. Although there is a large reserve of groundwater, it has not come into operation and only some test drills are performed.

Dienbien.gov.vn